Repurposing of Synaptonemal Complex Proteins for Kinetochores in Kinetoplastida
Preprint posted on 6 February 2021 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.430040v1
Article now published in Open Biology at http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210049
Trypanosome kinetochores repurpose components of the synaptonemal complex
Selected by Hiral Shah, Dey Lab
Categories: bioinformatics, cell biology, evolutionary biology
Background
Kinetochores are macromolecular protein complexes that bring about the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Kinetochores vary across eukaryotes in protein composition and sequence1. A striking example of divergence is seen in Kinetoplastida. Kinetoplastida are a group of unicellular flagellates including parasites like Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp. within the phylum Euglenozoa. Trypanosoma has a kinetochore made up of KKT/KKIP proteins functionally analogous to the canonical kinetochore found in model organisms, but lacks any direct homologs of its components. Why and how do proteins with such apparently critical cellular functions evolve so rapidly? More specifically, how did this novel/unique kinetoplastid kinetochore emerge? Were they acquired from endosymbionts or did they evolve by repurposing other cellular machinery?
Key findings and future directions
The canonical kinetochore has a mosaic origin, with many components sharing their ancestry with proteins performing a range of functions that include vesicular transport, DNA replication and repair and transcription2. Could this also be true for the kinetoplastids? While it was not possible to identify kinetochore protein homologs, many of the KKT proteins had generic domains shared with proteins involved in homologous recombination, DNA repair and cell cycle regulators like Polo kinases. This provided a clue about what might be going on in Kinetoplastids. Interestingly, KKT17/18, two components of the three member KKT16 subcomplex, that likely emerged through gene duplication, displayed a unique domain topology of Armadillo repeats (ARM) with a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by coiled coils. This domain arrangement is only found in SYCP2, a protein of the synaptonemal complex that links chromosomes during meiotic homologous recombination suggesting a shared evolutionary history and repurposing of meiotic components for different cellular functions in mitosis.
Using an iterative alignment method that merged clade-specific alignments into a super alignment, the authors identified SYCP2-3 family proteins that were normally difficult to detect or establish relationships with using only metazoan references across eukaryotes, including Giardia, microsporidia and diverse fungi, suggesting an ancient origin of these kinetoplastid kinetochores. Further, most lineages that lacked any SYCP2-3 also have not revealed any synaptonemal complex structures. Therefore, the presence of SYCP2-3 in a proteome could be a potential indicator of the presence of the synaptonemal complex in the organism.
While this gives us a glimpse into the evolutionary history of this unique kinetochore, its relationship with the other present day eukaryotic and ancient kinetochores is still unclear. Did the early kinetoplastids replace their canonical kinetochores with this new one? Or did early eukaryotes have a kinetochore different from all systems present today, that diverged along these many different paths? Well, only more such studies within the euglenozoa on close relatives like Diplonemida, and across eukaryotes more broadly, will provide a better picture of the ancestry of this unique and essential kinetochore complex.
References
- van Hooff JJ, Tromer E, van Wijk LM, Snel B, Kops GJ.Evolutionary dynamics of the kinetochore network in eukaryotes as revealed by comparative genomics. EMBO Rep. 2017;18(9):1559-1571.
- Eelco C Tromer, Jolien J E van Hooff, Geert J P L Kops, Berend Snel. Mosaic origin of the eukaryotic kinetochore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 116(26):12873-12882. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821945116.
Posted on: 17 May 2021 , updated on: 18 May 2021
doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/prelights.28991
Read preprint
(No Ratings Yet)Sign up to customise the site to your preferences and to receive alerts
Register hereAlso in the bioinformatics category:
The genome of the colonial hydroid Hydractinia reveals their stem cells utilize a toolkit of evolutionarily shared genes with all animals
A Phosphoproteomics Data Resource for Systems-level Modeling of Kinase Signaling Networks
Similarity metric learning on perturbational datasets improves functional identification of perturbations
Also in the cell biology category:
TLR2 Regulates Hair Follicle Cycle and Regeneration via BMP Signaling
Mechano-dependent sorbitol accumulation supports biomolecular condensate
CRISPR-dependent base editing screens identify separation of function mutants of RADX with altered RAD51 regulatory activity
Also in the evolutionary biology category:
The genome of the colonial hydroid Hydractinia reveals their stem cells utilize a toolkit of evolutionarily shared genes with all animals
A transposase-derived gene required for human brain development
Interspecies blastocyst complementation generates functional rat cell-derived forebrain tissues in mice
preLists in the bioinformatics category:
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.
| List by | Martin Estermann |
Alumni picks – preLights 5th Birthday
This preList contains preprints that were picked and highlighted by preLights Alumni - an initiative that was set up to mark preLights 5th birthday. More entries will follow throughout February and March 2023.
| List by | Sergio Menchero et al. |
Fibroblasts
The advances in fibroblast biology preList explores the recent discoveries and preprints of the fibroblast world. Get ready to immerse yourself with this list created for fibroblasts aficionados and lovers, and beyond. Here, my goal is to include preprints of fibroblast biology, heterogeneity, fate, extracellular matrix, behavior, topography, single-cell atlases, spatial transcriptomics, and their matrix!
| List by | Osvaldo Contreras |
Single Cell Biology 2020
A list of preprints mentioned at the Wellcome Genome Campus Single Cell Biology 2020 meeting.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Antimicrobials: Discovery, clinical use, and development of resistance
Preprints that describe the discovery of new antimicrobials and any improvements made regarding their clinical use. Includes preprints that detail the factors affecting antimicrobial selection and the development of antimicrobial resistance.
| List by | Zhang-He Goh |
Also in the cell biology category:
The Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting
This preList is made up of the preprints discussed during the Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting that took place in Chicago in July 2023.
| List by | Joyce Yu, Katherine Brown |
CSHL 87th Symposium: Stem Cells
Preprints mentioned by speakers at the #CSHLsymp23
| List by | Alex Eve |
Journal of Cell Science meeting ‘Imaging Cell Dynamics’
This preList highlights the preprints discussed at the JCS meeting 'Imaging Cell Dynamics'. The meeting was held from 14 - 17 May 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal and was organised by Erika Holzbaur, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Rob Parton and Michael Way.
| List by | Helen Zenner |
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.
| List by | Martin Estermann |
Alumni picks – preLights 5th Birthday
This preList contains preprints that were picked and highlighted by preLights Alumni - an initiative that was set up to mark preLights 5th birthday. More entries will follow throughout February and March 2023.
| List by | Sergio Menchero et al. |
CellBio 2022 – An ASCB/EMBO Meeting
This preLists features preprints that were discussed and presented during the CellBio 2022 meeting in Washington, DC in December 2022.
| List by | Nadja Hümpfer et al. |
Fibroblasts
The advances in fibroblast biology preList explores the recent discoveries and preprints of the fibroblast world. Get ready to immerse yourself with this list created for fibroblasts aficionados and lovers, and beyond. Here, my goal is to include preprints of fibroblast biology, heterogeneity, fate, extracellular matrix, behavior, topography, single-cell atlases, spatial transcriptomics, and their matrix!
| List by | Osvaldo Contreras |
EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)
A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.
| List by | Alex Eve |
FENS 2020
A collection of preprints presented during the virtual meeting of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) in 2020
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
Planar Cell Polarity – PCP
This preList contains preprints about the latest findings on Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in various model organisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels.
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
BioMalPar XVI: Biology and Pathology of the Malaria Parasite
[under construction] Preprints presented at the (fully virtual) EMBL BioMalPar XVI, 17-18 May 2020 #emblmalaria
| List by | Dey Lab, Samantha Seah |
1
Cell Polarity
Recent research from the field of cell polarity is summarized in this list of preprints. It comprises of studies focusing on various forms of cell polarity ranging from epithelial polarity, planar cell polarity to front-to-rear polarity.
| List by | Yamini Ravichandran |
TAGC 2020
Preprints recently presented at the virtual Allied Genetics Conference, April 22-26, 2020. #TAGC20
| List by | Maiko Kitaoka et al. |
3D Gastruloids
A curated list of preprints related to Gastruloids (in vitro models of early development obtained by 3D aggregation of embryonic cells). Updated until July 2021.
| List by | Paul Gerald L. Sanchez and Stefano Vianello |
ECFG15 – Fungal biology
Preprints presented at 15th European Conference on Fungal Genetics 17-20 February 2020 Rome
| List by | Hiral Shah |
ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019
A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)
| List by | Madhuja Samaddar et al. |
EMBL Seeing is Believing – Imaging the Molecular Processes of Life
Preprints discussed at the 2019 edition of Seeing is Believing, at EMBL Heidelberg from the 9th-12th October 2019
| List by | Dey Lab |
Autophagy
Preprints on autophagy and lysosomal degradation and its role in neurodegeneration and disease. Includes molecular mechanisms, upstream signalling and regulation as well as studies on pharmaceutical interventions to upregulate the process.
| List by | Sandra Malmgren Hill |
Lung Disease and Regeneration
This preprint list compiles highlights from the field of lung biology.
| List by | Rob Hynds |
Cellular metabolism
A curated list of preprints related to cellular metabolism at Biorxiv by Pablo Ranea Robles from the Prelights community. Special interest on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes and mitochondria.
| List by | Pablo Ranea Robles |
BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019
Preprints presented at the BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019
| List by | Dey Lab |
MitoList
This list of preprints is focused on work expanding our knowledge on mitochondria in any organism, tissue or cell type, from the normal biology to the pathology.
| List by | Sandra Franco Iborra |
Biophysical Society Annual Meeting 2019
Few of the preprints that were discussed in the recent BPS annual meeting at Baltimore, USA
| List by | Joseph Jose Thottacherry |
ASCB/EMBO Annual Meeting 2018
This list relates to preprints that were discussed at the recent ASCB conference.
| List by | Dey Lab, Amanda Haage |
Also in the evolutionary biology category:
EMBO | EMBL Symposium: The organism and its environment
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 'EMBO | EMBL Symposium: The organism and its environment', organised at EMBL Heidelberg, Germany (May 2023).
| List by | Girish Kale |
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.
| List by | Martin Estermann |
EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)
A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Planar Cell Polarity – PCP
This preList contains preprints about the latest findings on Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in various model organisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels.
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
TAGC 2020
Preprints recently presented at the virtual Allied Genetics Conference, April 22-26, 2020. #TAGC20
| List by | Maiko Kitaoka et al. |
ECFG15 – Fungal biology
Preprints presented at 15th European Conference on Fungal Genetics 17-20 February 2020 Rome
| List by | Hiral Shah |
COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 preprints
List of important preprints dealing with the ongoing coronavirus outbreak. See http://covidpreprints.com for additional resources and timeline, and https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/181 for full list of bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints on this topic
| List by | Dey Lab, Zhang-He Goh |
1
SDB 78th Annual Meeting 2019
A curation of the preprints presented at the SDB meeting in Boston, July 26-30 2019. The preList will be updated throughout the duration of the meeting.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Pattern formation during development
The aim of this preList is to integrate results about the mechanisms that govern patterning during development, from genes implicated in the processes to theoritical models of pattern formation in nature.
| List by | Alexa Sadier |