Arl13b regulates Sonic Hedgehog signaling from outside primary cilia
Posted on: 15 August 2019 , updated on: 29 October 2021
Preprint posted on 23 July 2019
Article now published in eLife at http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50434
It’s been tricky to tease apart Hedgehog signalling and primary cilia. Now, this recent preprint finds that although ARL13B is abundant in cilia, it regulates Hedgehog signalling from outside the cilium.
Selected by Alex Eve
Categories: cell biology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology
Background
The non-motile primary cilium acts as a sensor for chemomechanical signals in vertebrates (Ferreira et al., 2019). One of the most widely known examples of this activity is the role of primary cilia in the transduction of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway. Here, upon ligand binding, the membrane receptor Patched is degraded (Rohatgi et al., 2007), and the GPCR protein Smoothened translocates from its position at the base of the cilium into the cilium itself (Milenkovic et al., 2015; Weiss et al., 2019). Our current understanding is that the cilium acts as a subcellular compartment where Smoothened is exposed to its cognate ligand (likely a sterol) to transduce the downstream Shh signal (Kong et al., 2019). The Shh transcription factor Gli is also transported to the tip of the cilium upon pathway activation, where, presumably, it is processed into an active form that drives transcription of target genes (Santos and Reiter, 2014).
Mutations in Shh signalling components and ciliary proteins frequently have overlapping phenotypes. Whether Shh signalling in cilia-protein mutants is affected primarily because of disruption to cilia structure or function, or whether ciliary proteins are required for Shh signal transduction are challenging questions to address. Given that cilia and Shh signalling are so closely associated in vertebrates, it is surprising that this relationship is not evolutionary conserved (Huangfu, 2006) . In Drosophila, Hedgehog signalling is present and functional, although (almost) all Drosophila cells lack primary cilia (Larkins et al., 2011; Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014). How, why and when such a fundamental aspect of the signalling cascade diverged during the evolution remains an interesting, but unexplained, phenomenon.
Key findings
In this preprint, Gigante and colleagues build upon previous studies on the ARF family GTPase, ARL13B (Mariani et al., 2016) . ARL13B has diverse functions within the cell, with reported roles in endocytic trafficking, regulation of the phospholipid composition of the ciliary membrane, and intraflagellar transport for the construction and maintenance of cilia (Gigante et al., 2019). Mutations in Arl13b are associated with Joubert’s syndrome, characterised by brain development disorders that are probably caused by defects in the structure and function of cilia (Cantagrel et al., 2008). Supporting this theory, deletion of Arl13b in animal models reduces cilia length and impairs Shh signalling (Caspary et al., 2007; Larkins et al., 2011).
1. Ciliary localisation of ARL13B is required for normal cilium length
The authors use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in mice to make a point mutation in Arl13b within a known cilia localisation sequence: ARL13BV358A (Mariani et al., 2016). Indeed, immunostaining for ARL13B shows that the protein is excluded from the cilia. By quantifying cilia in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the authors find that the number of ciliated cells and the length of the cilia are decreased in Arl13b-null and Arl13bV358A backgrounds. These data support the known role of ARL13B in cilia development and indicate that this function is dependent on an activity of ARL13B within the cilia.
2. Sonic hedgehog signalling does not require ciliary localisation of ARL13B
Somewhat surprisingly, despite the changes to cilia length, Shh signalling is unaffected and Arl13bV358A embryos develop normally, shown by the expression of Nkx2.2, HB9 and Olig2 in the neural tube. Indeed, Shh components, such as Smoothend, Gli2/3, SuFu and Patched1, localise to the primary cilium of Arl13bV358A MEFs in response to Shh-conditioned media. In Arl13b-null mutants, however, Shh signalling is abolished and components are mis-localised. These data suggest that ARL13B regulates Shh signal transduction from the outside of cilia, possibly by trafficking Smoothened into the cilium. Importantly, this function is independent of ARL13B’s role in ciliogenesis (regulating cilia length).
3. ARL13B regulates the localisation of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (Inpp5e) in the cilium
Although Shh signalling components traffic normally in the cilium of Arl13bV358A cells, the authors reveal that INPP5E, which is also implicated in Joubert’s syndrome (Bielas et al., 2009) and in Shh signalling regulation (Dyson et al., 2016), is absent from the cilium. These data indicate that ARL13B is required for INPP5E localisation to the cilia, although INPP5E activity is not required specifically in the cilium for Shh signalling. In a second preprint from the Caspary group, the role of INPP5E in Shh signal transduction is investigated further (Constable et al., 2016).
Why I chose this preprint
The evolutionary relationship between Hedgehog signalling and cilia is a fundamental and interesting problem. In this preprint, the authors successfully dissect one of the many functions of ARL13B and uncouple the functions of ARL13B in Shh signalling and in ciliogenesis. It’s surprising that ARL13B regulates Shh signalling from outside the cilia, which challenges our preconceptions about the protein’s function. In addition, this study proposes a model in which the primary cilium has been co-opted by the Shh signalling pathway during the evolution of vertebrates, coinciding with the duplication of ARL13.
Open questions
- It is interesting that Shh signalling can function in cilia of reduced length, are there any other differences to the composition and compartmentalisation of cilia in Arl13bV358A cells?
- In adult Drosophila, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are ciliated and Smoothened reportedly translocates to the cilium in response to Hedgehog signalling (Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014). How does this fit with the evolutionary model proposed in the manuscript?
- Are ARL13B and INPP5E trafficked together (as a complex) into the cilium or does ARL13B subsequently mediate the trafficking of INPP5E?
- Do the Arl13bV358A mice display any other similar phenotypes to those associated with Joubert’s syndrome or ciliopathies?
References
Bielas, S. L., Silhavy, J. L., Brancati, F., Kisseleva, M. V., Al-Gazali, L., Sztriha, L., … Gleeson, J. G. (2009). Mutations in INPP5E, encoding inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E, link phosphatidyl inositol signaling to the ciliopathies. Nature Genetics, 41(9), 1032–1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.423
Cantagrel, V., Silhavy, J. L., Bielas, S. L., Swistun, D., Marsh, S. E., Bertrand, J. Y., … Gleeson, J. G. (2008). Mutations in the Cilia Gene ARL13B Lead to the Classical Form of Joubert Syndrome. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 83(2), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.06.023
Caspary, T., Larkins, C. E., & Anderson, K. V. (2007). The Graded Response to Sonic Hedgehog Depends on Cilia Architecture. Developmental Cell, 12(5), 767–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2007.03.004
Constable, S., Long, A. B., Floyd, K. A., Schurmans, S., & Caspary, T. (2019). Ciliary phosphatidylinositol phosphatase Inpp5e plays positive and negative regulatory roles in Shh signaling. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/721399
Dyson, J. M., Conduit, S. E., Feeney, S. J., Hakim, S., DiTommaso, T., Fulcher, A. J., … Mitchell, C. A. (2016). INPP5E regulates phosphoinositide-dependent cilia transition zone function. The Journal of Cell Biology, 216(1), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201511055
Ferreira, R., Fukui, H., Chow, R., Vilfan, A., & Vermot, J. (2019). The cilium as a force sensor−myth versus reality. Journal of Cell Science, 132(14), jcs213496. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.213496
Gigante, E. D., Taylor, M. R., Ivanova, A. A., Kahn, R. A., & Caspary, T. (2019). Arl13b regulates Sonic Hedgehog signaling from outside primary cilia. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/711671
Huangfu, D. (2006). Signaling from Smo to Ci/Gli: conservation and divergence of Hedgehog pathways from Drosophila to vertebrates. Development, 133(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.02169
Kong, J. H., Siebold, C., & Rohatgi, R. (2019). Biochemical mechanisms of vertebrate hedgehog signaling. Development, 146(10), dev166892. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.166892
Kuzhandaivel, A., Schultz, S. W., Alkhori, L., & Alenius, M. (2014). Cilia-Mediated Hedgehog Signaling in Drosophila. Cell Reports, 7(3), 672–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.052
Rohatgi, R., Milenkovic, L., & Scott, M. P. (2007). Patched1 Regulates Hedgehog Signaling at the Primary Cilium. Science, 317(5836), 372–376. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139740
Larkins, C. E., Aviles, G. D. G., East, M. P., Kahn, R. A., & Caspary, T. (2011). Arl13b regulates ciliogenesis and the dynamic localization of Shh signaling proteins. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 22(23), 4694–4703. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0994
Mariani, L. E., Bijlsma, M. F., Ivanova, A. A., Suciu, S. K., Kahn, R. A., & Caspary, T. (2016). Arl13b regulates Shh signaling from both inside and outside the cilium. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 27(23), 3780–3790. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0189
Milenkovic, L., Weiss, L. E., Yoon, J., Roth, T. L., Su, Y. S., Sahl, S. J., … Moerner, W. E. (2015). Single-molecule imaging of Hedgehog pathway protein Smoothened in primary cilia reveals binding events regulated by Patched1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(27), 8320–8325. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510094112
Santos, N., & Reiter, J. F. (2014). A central region of Gli2 regulates its localization to the primary cilium and transcriptional activity. Journal of Cell Science, 127(7), 1500–1510. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.139253
Weiss, L. E., Milenkovic, L., Yoon, J., Stearns, T., & Moerner, W. E. (2019). Motional dynamics of single Patched1 molecules in cilia are controlled by Hedgehog and cholesterol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(12), 5550–5557. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816747116
doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/prelights.13242
Read preprint
(1 votes) Sign up to customise the site to your preferences and to receive alerts
Register hereAlso in the cell biology category:
Motor Clustering Enhances Kinesin-driven Vesicle Transport
Sharvari Pitke
Cellular signalling protrusions enable dynamic distant contacts in spinal cord neurogenesis
Ankita Walvekar
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Moringa: Potential for preventative treatment of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated water
Safieh Shah, Benjamin Dominik Maier
Also in the developmental biology category:
Cellular signalling protrusions enable dynamic distant contacts in spinal cord neurogenesis
Ankita Walvekar
Actin-based deformations of the nucleus control multiciliated ependymal cell differentiation
Ryan Harrison
HIF1A contributes to the survival of aneuploid and mosaic pre-implantation embryos
Anchel De Jaime Soguero
Also in the evolutionary biology category:
Geometric analysis of airway trees shows that lung anatomy evolved to enable explosive ventilation and prevent barotrauma in cetaceans
Sarah Young-Veenstra
Enhancer-driven cell type comparison reveals similarities between the mammalian and bird pallium
Rodrigo Senovilla-Ganzo
Modular control of time and space during vertebrate axis segmentation
AND
Natural genetic variation quantitatively regulates heart rate and dimension
Girish Kale, Jennifer Ann Black
preLists in the cell biology category:
BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting
This preList features preprints that were discussed and presented during the BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting in Birmingham, UK in April 2024. Kindly put together by Sara Morais da Silva, Reviews Editor at Journal of Cell Science.
| List by | Reinier Prosee |
‘In preprints’ from Development 2022-2023
A list of the preprints featured in Development's 'In preprints' articles between 2022-2023
| List by | Alex Eve, Katherine Brown |
preLights peer support – preprints of interest
This is a preprint repository to organise the preprints and preLights covered through the 'preLights peer support' initiative.
| List by | preLights peer support |
The Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting
This preList is made up of the preprints discussed during the Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting that took place in Chicago in July 2023.
| List by | Joyce Yu, Katherine Brown |
CSHL 87th Symposium: Stem Cells
Preprints mentioned by speakers at the #CSHLsymp23
| List by | Alex Eve |
Journal of Cell Science meeting ‘Imaging Cell Dynamics’
This preList highlights the preprints discussed at the JCS meeting 'Imaging Cell Dynamics'. The meeting was held from 14 - 17 May 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal and was organised by Erika Holzbaur, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Rob Parton and Michael Way.
| List by | Helen Zenner |
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.
| List by | Martin Estermann |
Alumni picks – preLights 5th Birthday
This preList contains preprints that were picked and highlighted by preLights Alumni - an initiative that was set up to mark preLights 5th birthday. More entries will follow throughout February and March 2023.
| List by | Sergio Menchero et al. |
CellBio 2022 – An ASCB/EMBO Meeting
This preLists features preprints that were discussed and presented during the CellBio 2022 meeting in Washington, DC in December 2022.
| List by | Nadja Hümpfer et al. |
Fibroblasts
The advances in fibroblast biology preList explores the recent discoveries and preprints of the fibroblast world. Get ready to immerse yourself with this list created for fibroblasts aficionados and lovers, and beyond. Here, my goal is to include preprints of fibroblast biology, heterogeneity, fate, extracellular matrix, behavior, topography, single-cell atlases, spatial transcriptomics, and their matrix!
| List by | Osvaldo Contreras |
EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)
A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.
| List by | Alex Eve |
FENS 2020
A collection of preprints presented during the virtual meeting of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) in 2020
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
Planar Cell Polarity – PCP
This preList contains preprints about the latest findings on Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in various model organisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels.
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
BioMalPar XVI: Biology and Pathology of the Malaria Parasite
[under construction] Preprints presented at the (fully virtual) EMBL BioMalPar XVI, 17-18 May 2020 #emblmalaria
| List by | Dey Lab, Samantha Seah |
1
Cell Polarity
Recent research from the field of cell polarity is summarized in this list of preprints. It comprises of studies focusing on various forms of cell polarity ranging from epithelial polarity, planar cell polarity to front-to-rear polarity.
| List by | Yamini Ravichandran |
TAGC 2020
Preprints recently presented at the virtual Allied Genetics Conference, April 22-26, 2020. #TAGC20
| List by | Maiko Kitaoka et al. |
3D Gastruloids
A curated list of preprints related to Gastruloids (in vitro models of early development obtained by 3D aggregation of embryonic cells). Updated until July 2021.
| List by | Paul Gerald L. Sanchez and Stefano Vianello |
ECFG15 – Fungal biology
Preprints presented at 15th European Conference on Fungal Genetics 17-20 February 2020 Rome
| List by | Hiral Shah |
ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019
A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)
| List by | Madhuja Samaddar et al. |
EMBL Seeing is Believing – Imaging the Molecular Processes of Life
Preprints discussed at the 2019 edition of Seeing is Believing, at EMBL Heidelberg from the 9th-12th October 2019
| List by | Dey Lab |
Autophagy
Preprints on autophagy and lysosomal degradation and its role in neurodegeneration and disease. Includes molecular mechanisms, upstream signalling and regulation as well as studies on pharmaceutical interventions to upregulate the process.
| List by | Sandra Malmgren Hill |
Lung Disease and Regeneration
This preprint list compiles highlights from the field of lung biology.
| List by | Rob Hynds |
Cellular metabolism
A curated list of preprints related to cellular metabolism at Biorxiv by Pablo Ranea Robles from the Prelights community. Special interest on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes and mitochondria.
| List by | Pablo Ranea Robles |
BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019
Preprints presented at the BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019
| List by | Dey Lab |
MitoList
This list of preprints is focused on work expanding our knowledge on mitochondria in any organism, tissue or cell type, from the normal biology to the pathology.
| List by | Sandra Franco Iborra |
Biophysical Society Annual Meeting 2019
Few of the preprints that were discussed in the recent BPS annual meeting at Baltimore, USA
| List by | Joseph Jose Thottacherry |
ASCB/EMBO Annual Meeting 2018
This list relates to preprints that were discussed at the recent ASCB conference.
| List by | Dey Lab, Amanda Haage |
Also in the developmental biology category:
BSDB/GenSoc Spring Meeting 2024
A list of preprints highlighted at the British Society for Developmental Biology and Genetics Society joint Spring meeting 2024 at Warwick, UK.
| List by | Joyce Yu, Katherine Brown |
GfE/ DSDB meeting 2024
This preList highlights the preprints discussed at the 2024 joint German and Dutch developmental biology societies meeting that took place in March 2024 in Osnabrück, Germany.
| List by | Joyce Yu |
‘In preprints’ from Development 2022-2023
A list of the preprints featured in Development's 'In preprints' articles between 2022-2023
| List by | Alex Eve, Katherine Brown |
preLights peer support – preprints of interest
This is a preprint repository to organise the preprints and preLights covered through the 'preLights peer support' initiative.
| List by | preLights peer support |
The Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting
This preList is made up of the preprints discussed during the Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting that took place in Chicago in July 2023.
| List by | Joyce Yu, Katherine Brown |
CSHL 87th Symposium: Stem Cells
Preprints mentioned by speakers at the #CSHLsymp23
| List by | Alex Eve |
Journal of Cell Science meeting ‘Imaging Cell Dynamics’
This preList highlights the preprints discussed at the JCS meeting 'Imaging Cell Dynamics'. The meeting was held from 14 - 17 May 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal and was organised by Erika Holzbaur, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Rob Parton and Michael Way.
| List by | Helen Zenner |
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.
| List by | Martin Estermann |
Alumni picks – preLights 5th Birthday
This preList contains preprints that were picked and highlighted by preLights Alumni - an initiative that was set up to mark preLights 5th birthday. More entries will follow throughout February and March 2023.
| List by | Sergio Menchero et al. |
CellBio 2022 – An ASCB/EMBO Meeting
This preLists features preprints that were discussed and presented during the CellBio 2022 meeting in Washington, DC in December 2022.
| List by | Nadja Hümpfer et al. |
2nd Conference of the Visegrád Group Society for Developmental Biology
Preprints from the 2nd Conference of the Visegrád Group Society for Developmental Biology (2-5 September, 2021, Szeged, Hungary)
| List by | Nándor Lipták |
Fibroblasts
The advances in fibroblast biology preList explores the recent discoveries and preprints of the fibroblast world. Get ready to immerse yourself with this list created for fibroblasts aficionados and lovers, and beyond. Here, my goal is to include preprints of fibroblast biology, heterogeneity, fate, extracellular matrix, behavior, topography, single-cell atlases, spatial transcriptomics, and their matrix!
| List by | Osvaldo Contreras |
EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)
A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.
| List by | Alex Eve |
EMBL Conference: From functional genomics to systems biology
Preprints presented at the virtual EMBL conference "from functional genomics and systems biology", 16-19 November 2020
| List by | Jesus Victorino |
Single Cell Biology 2020
A list of preprints mentioned at the Wellcome Genome Campus Single Cell Biology 2020 meeting.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Society for Developmental Biology 79th Annual Meeting
Preprints at SDB 2020
| List by | Irepan Salvador-Martinez, Martin Estermann |
FENS 2020
A collection of preprints presented during the virtual meeting of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) in 2020
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
Planar Cell Polarity – PCP
This preList contains preprints about the latest findings on Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in various model organisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels.
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
Cell Polarity
Recent research from the field of cell polarity is summarized in this list of preprints. It comprises of studies focusing on various forms of cell polarity ranging from epithelial polarity, planar cell polarity to front-to-rear polarity.
| List by | Yamini Ravichandran |
TAGC 2020
Preprints recently presented at the virtual Allied Genetics Conference, April 22-26, 2020. #TAGC20
| List by | Maiko Kitaoka et al. |
3D Gastruloids
A curated list of preprints related to Gastruloids (in vitro models of early development obtained by 3D aggregation of embryonic cells). Updated until July 2021.
| List by | Paul Gerald L. Sanchez and Stefano Vianello |
ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019
A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)
| List by | Madhuja Samaddar et al. |
EDBC Alicante 2019
Preprints presented at the European Developmental Biology Congress (EDBC) in Alicante, October 23-26 2019.
| List by | Sergio Menchero et al. |
EMBL Seeing is Believing – Imaging the Molecular Processes of Life
Preprints discussed at the 2019 edition of Seeing is Believing, at EMBL Heidelberg from the 9th-12th October 2019
| List by | Dey Lab |
SDB 78th Annual Meeting 2019
A curation of the preprints presented at the SDB meeting in Boston, July 26-30 2019. The preList will be updated throughout the duration of the meeting.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Lung Disease and Regeneration
This preprint list compiles highlights from the field of lung biology.
| List by | Rob Hynds |
Young Embryologist Network Conference 2019
Preprints presented at the Young Embryologist Network 2019 conference, 13 May, The Francis Crick Institute, London
| List by | Alex Eve |
Pattern formation during development
The aim of this preList is to integrate results about the mechanisms that govern patterning during development, from genes implicated in the processes to theoritical models of pattern formation in nature.
| List by | Alexa Sadier |
BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019
Preprints presented at the BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019
| List by | Dey Lab |
Zebrafish immunology
A compilation of cutting-edge research that uses the zebrafish as a model system to elucidate novel immunological mechanisms in health and disease.
| List by | Shikha Nayar |
Also in the evolutionary biology category:
‘In preprints’ from Development 2022-2023
A list of the preprints featured in Development's 'In preprints' articles between 2022-2023
| List by | Alex Eve, Katherine Brown |
preLights peer support – preprints of interest
This is a preprint repository to organise the preprints and preLights covered through the 'preLights peer support' initiative.
| List by | preLights peer support |
EMBO | EMBL Symposium: The organism and its environment
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 'EMBO | EMBL Symposium: The organism and its environment', organised at EMBL Heidelberg, Germany (May 2023).
| List by | Girish Kale |
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination
This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.
| List by | Martin Estermann |
EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)
A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Planar Cell Polarity – PCP
This preList contains preprints about the latest findings on Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in various model organisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels.
| List by | Ana Dorrego-Rivas |
TAGC 2020
Preprints recently presented at the virtual Allied Genetics Conference, April 22-26, 2020. #TAGC20
| List by | Maiko Kitaoka et al. |
ECFG15 – Fungal biology
Preprints presented at 15th European Conference on Fungal Genetics 17-20 February 2020 Rome
| List by | Hiral Shah |
COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2 preprints
List of important preprints dealing with the ongoing coronavirus outbreak. See http://covidpreprints.com for additional resources and timeline, and https://connect.biorxiv.org/relate/content/181 for full list of bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints on this topic
| List by | Dey Lab, Zhang-He Goh |
1
SDB 78th Annual Meeting 2019
A curation of the preprints presented at the SDB meeting in Boston, July 26-30 2019. The preList will be updated throughout the duration of the meeting.
| List by | Alex Eve |
Pattern formation during development
The aim of this preList is to integrate results about the mechanisms that govern patterning during development, from genes implicated in the processes to theoritical models of pattern formation in nature.
| List by | Alexa Sadier |