Peculiar features of the plastids of the colourless alga Euglena longa and photosynthetic euglenophytes unveiled by transcriptome analyses
Posted on: 11 July 2018 , updated on: 17 July 2018
Preprint posted on 29 June 2018
Article now published in Scientific Reports at http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35389-1
It’s not easy being green – how a remodelled chloroplast is maintained in a non-photosynthetic algae by looking at the transcriptome of Euglena longa to reveal how it assembles and maintains its non-photosynthetic, but still vital, plastid.
Selected by Ellis O'Neill
Categories: cell biology, evolutionary biology, microbiology, molecular biology, plant biology
Background
Euglena are a group of algae that show characteristics of both plants and animals, while in evolutionary terms are related to the human pathogens Trypanosoma and Leishmania. Euglena longa is a non-photosynthetic species, which cannot lose its plastid, unlike the photosynthetic species E. gracilis. Not much is known about the cell biology of E. longa or why it maintains a non-photosynthetic plastid.
Overview
This preprint presents the transcriptome of E. longa in comparison with those already available from three other photosynthetic Euglena to investigate the mechanisms of plastid maintenance and the targeting of proteins into this organelle. The authors show some very interesting features of the plastid, such as differences in import of proteins, with very different requirements when large amounts of photosynthetic machinery are needed. For instance, the photosynthetic membranes are not required in E. longa and the machinery for inserting proteins into this membrane are lacking.
This paper discusses fascinating details of the plastid biology and in particular picks apart protein import and the housekeeping proteins in these different species. There has not previously been much work looking at the specifics of the plastid maintenance and housekeeping in this group of alga and, by combining the new transcriptome data with that already known, the authors have had the opportunity to really look at how this group of organisms have similarities and differences with other plastid-baring organisms. There are many hypothesis developed that would need testing, but the proposals in this paper are a great starting point.
Future Outlook
There are a few transcriptomes available from this group of algae, and we can expect more to come out for species of particular interest. However, there are no genomes available, and this remains a goal of this field. Once we understand a bit more about how genes are regulated there will be great opportunities to study the cell biology and biochemistry and to leverage this group of algae for biotechnology.
Further Reading
Euglena gracilis transcriptome
(http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2015/mb/c5mb00319a)
Euglena for biotechnology
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168165614010347?via%3Dihub)
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