Cell Polarity
Recent research from the field of cell polarity is summarized in this list of preprints. It comprises of studies focusing on various forms of cell polarity ranging from epithelial polarity, planar cell polarity to front-to-rear polarity.
List by Yamini Ravichandran
Preprints:
Transcriptional control of apical protein clustering drives de novo cell polarity establishment in the early mouse embryo
http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/02/10/2020.02.10.942201.abstract
This early mammalian embryo study focuses on factors regulating the establishment of cell polarity in embryos which is required for the segregation of the inner cell mass and extra-embryonic trophectoderm. Their findings strongly propose that the transcription of Tfap2c, Tead and RhoA are key for the onset of de novo cell polarity establishment in embryos.
Distinct activities of Scrib module proteins organize epithelial polarity
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866863v1
This Drosophila follicular epithelium study identifies distinct functions of the three Scribble module proteins, separating their independent roles in a linear localization hierarchy from their synergistic roles in apical polarity antagonism. One key finding they demonstarte is that of the role of Dlg in stabilization of Scrib cortically. This is neither via Dlg’s GUK domain, nor via a possible regulation of Scrib palmitoylation by Dlg but via Dlg’s SH3 domain.
A fence function for adherens junctions in epithelial cell polarity
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605808v1
This Drosophila study highlights that adherens junctions(AJs) are mainly required for controlling apico-basal domain sizes in epithelial cell polarity maintenance. Emphasizing that AJs are not necessarily required for the formation of the apical domain itself. A key finding they describe to support this is that AJs act as diffusion barriers to restrict the spreading of polarity components in epithelial cells.
Cortical anchoring of the microtubule cytoskeleton is essential for neuron polarity and functioning
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/783837v1
This C.elegans PVD neuron study identifies a complex responsible for the cortical tethering of microtubules. The complex comprises of UNC-119/Ankyrin/CRMP with CRMP being the micotubule associated protein. This sheds more light on the specific oragnization of the micotubule cytoskeleton which is one of the crucial factors required for establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity.
Apical restriction of the planar cell polarity component VANGL in pancreatic ducts is required to maintain epithelial integrity
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778332v1
A mammalian embryo study focusing on understanding the polarization of planar cell polarity components using a complex tubular epithelium namely the mammalian pancreas unlike previous studies which use flat epithelia. Their key finding being that VANGL is apically localized in ductal cells exhibiting PCP which is also essential for epithelial integrity.
Emergence of single cell mechanical behavior and polarity within epithelial monolayers drives collective cell migration
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.16.875567v1
An in-vitro study using MDCK cells seeded on ring micropatterns to address the onset of front-to-rear polarization. Confluent cells polarize and migrate in a rotational fashion within the rings. Their key finding being that the maintenance of coordinated collective migration requires the establishment of a front-to-rear polarity axis within each cell but does not require the maintenance of cell-cell junctions.
Scribble and Discs-large direct adherens junction positioning and supermolecular assembly to establish apical-basal polarity
http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/654509
A Drosophila embryo study performed to address the role of Scrib/Dlg module in the initiation of apico-basal polarization via regulating players upstream of adherens junctions positioning. They identify multiple roles for Scrib/Dlg module in polarity initiation. One key role of the many highlighted in this study is that Scrib/Dlg module maybe regulating Par-1 to achieve onset of polarization.
Apical transport of Crumbs maintains epithelial cell polarity
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592311v1
This Drosophila follicular epithelium study demonstrates that polarized trafficking of Crb containing Rab11-positive endosomes is driven by Dyenin along micotubules and via MyoV along actin filaments. In addition, they confirm the collective role of apical FERM domain containing proteins in promoting Crb polarization.
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