Close

OptoGranules reveal the evolution of stress granules to ALS-FTD pathology

Peipei Zhang, Baochang Fan, Peiguo Yang, Jamshid Temirov, James Messing, Hong Joo Kim, J. Paul Taylor

Posted on: 7 July 2018

Preprint posted on 18 June 2018

Optogenetic tool to identify and study how chronic stress causes the formation of pathogenic inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases.

Selected by Srivats Venkataramanan

Context:

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS – also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease), is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease. Both ALS and a clinically overlapping condition, Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD) are characterized by insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates within affected neurons. The appearance of these inclusions precedes neuronal destruction, and they are typically highly enriched in a hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated form of a 43KDa DNA-binding protein, TDP-43. In addition, these pathological inclusions also host a variety of RNA-binding proteins, as well as mRNA [1].

All of the proteins within these inclusions are also components of stress granules (SGs), cytoplasmic mRNP granules that form when cells experience a wide variety of stresses that also repress mRNA translation. In fact, translation repression has long been considered a pre-requisite for endogenous SG formation. The similarities between the composition of these transient, dynamic SGs, and the persistent, pathological cytoplasmic inclusions seen in ALS affected neurons have led many to hypothesize that the formation of these inclusions might relate to altered/perturbed stress granule dynamics [2]. As support for this hypothesis, mutations in a number of SG-related proteins are strongly correlated with the occurrence of ALS [3].

However, the hypothesis that SGs are required for the formation of pathological inclusions has never been robustly tested, and neither have any potential mechanistic connections between the two addressed. The challenges have largely been technical. Since most SG-associated proteins are RNA-binding proteins and all of them have other cellular functions, abrogating SG formation via genetic methods causes too many pleiotropic effects to provide a clean assay [4]. On the other hand, methods to artificially induce SGs rely on subjecting cells to external stressors, all of which introduce the confounding variable of translation repression (most often via the inhibitory phosphorylation of initiation faction eIF2⍺) [5]. In this preprint, Zhang et al. develop a novel optogenetic tool to induce SG formation rapidly and robustly without the confounding variable of translation repression, allowing them to define the role of SGs in the formation of pathogenic ALS-type cytoplasmic inclusions.

Tools and Key Findings:

Zhang et al. replace the dimerization domain of G3BP1 (a core protein of SGs) with the dimerization domain from cryptochrome 2 (CRY2 – a blue light-absorbing photosensor from Arabidopsis thaliana), thereby allowing rapid assembly of SGs in response to blue light. Importantly, these light-induced granules (named OptoGranules) contain polyadenylated mRNA as well as every canonical SG protein tested, indicating that they are, in fact, bona fide stress granules.

Zhang et al. Supplementary Video 2: Opto-G3BP1 forms granules
upon activation by blue light.

Critically, the formation of OptoGranules DOES NOT involve general translational repression via eIF2⍺ phosphorylation, thereby eliminating the major confounding variable involved in the study of the biological consequences of SG formation. In addition, OptoGranules form within seconds of induction by blue light, and disassemble within ~5 minutes once the light stimulus is withdrawn. The OptoGranules also provide evidence for a definite hierarchy within the SG proteome. While G3BP acts as a nucleator of granules, other canonical SG proteins, such as TIA1, FUS and even TDP-43, are unable to serve as initiators of SG assembly, and are likely client proteins.

With this tool in hand, the authors examine the consequences of chronic, intermittent SG formation. They use a blue-light treatment regime forcing cycles of OptoGranule assembly-disasembly, mimicking chronic stress cells might face within the context of an organism. The OptoGranules formed at the beginning of this regimen contain TDP-43, but not in the hyper-phosphorylated form seen in the pathological ALS inclusions, indicating that they are canonical SGs. However, when cells are subjected to this pattern of OptoGranule assembly and disassembly for extended periods of time, the TDP-43 incorporated within them becomes increasingly phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, and cell viability decreases, a characteristic of ALS inclusions.  While the authors’ initial results are performed in the context of a transformed cell line, they recapitulate their experiments in neurons derived from iPSCs expressing OptoGranule-compatible G3BP1, demonstrating in a neuronal context the evolution of SGs into pathogenic ALS-like inclusions.

Taken together, the authors demonstrate that the chronic assembly of SGs is detrimental to the cell, independently of the distal stressor. Further, they demonstrate convincingly that chronically and intermittently stressing cells (and more specifically, neurons) results in the SGs within them to morph into ALS-like pathological inclusions.

Why I chose this preprint:

The cellular response to any individual stress almost invariably involves the activation and/or repression of a multitude of pathways and mechanisms. Inferring a causal chain by deconvoluting the various pathways the cell uses to adapt and survive remains a challenge. In the case of ALS-FTD, a link between SGs and the pathological inclusions had long been suspected, but never proven, due to the confounding variables described above. I found the approach taken by the authors to develop a tool to remove the confounding variable and allow the study of SGs in isolation to be an extraordinarily elegant experimental system. The power of this system was demonstrated in the establishment of a concrete link between SG dynamics and ALS pathology, viz. the evolution of SGs into phosphorylated/ubiquitinated TDP-43 containing pathological cytoplasmic inclusions under chronic stress.

Open questions and future directions:

The authors speculate that physiological amyloid-like states in SGs could serve as ‘seeds’ for the formation of TDP-43 pathological amyloids under chronic stress. One open question that remains is the context and mechanism of TDP-43 phosophorylation. Is TDP-43 phosphorylated during, or as a consequence of, SG incorporation and subsequent amyloid formation? Or does the phosphorylation occur extra-granularly, and promote amyloid formation?

Additionally, given that global translation is presumably not downregulated upon OptoGranule formation (as evidenced by the lack of eIF2⍺ phosphorylation, I would be curious to know whether the Optogranules recapitulate the translationally null state of endogenous SGs.

Broadly, the OptoGranule system offers a marvelous opportunity to further study modulators of SG assembly, dynamics and the biological roles played by this phase-separated cytoplasmic organelle. More specifically, the tool provides an assay to test the roles of various ALS-associated mutations on the formation of the pathological cytoplasmic inclusions. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to inform future efforts to slow or even reverse disease progression. 

References:

  1. Ling, S.C., M. Polymenidou, and D.W. Cleveland, Converging mechanisms in ALS and FTD: disrupted RNA and protein homeostasis. Neuron, 2013. 79(3): p. 416-38.
  2. Aulas, A. and C. Vande Velde, Alterations in stress granule dynamics driven by TDP-43 and FUS: a link to pathological inclusions in ALS? Front Cell Neurosci, 2015. 9: p. 423.
  3. Figley, M.D., et al., Profilin 1 associates with stress granules and ALS-linked mutations alter stress granule dynamics. J Neurosci, 2014. 34(24): p. 8083-97.
  4. Youn, J.Y., et al., High-Density Proximity Mapping Reveals the Subcellular Organization of mRNA-Associated Granules and Bodies. Mol Cell, 2018. 69(3): p. 517-532 e11.
  5. Buchan, J.R. and R. Parker, Eukaryotic stress granules: the ins and outs of translation. Mol Cell, 2009. 36(6): p. 932-41.

Tags: als, granules, optogenetics, stress

Read preprint (1 votes)

Author's response

J. Paul Taylor shared

Thank you for highlighting this manuscript. In answer to your question, we observe the TDP-43 phosphorylation signal arising directly within the stress granules, but phosphorylation of TDP-43 outside granules would probably be below our level of detection. So presently we do not know where TDP-43 phosphorylation is taking place. With respect to amyloid formation, we suspect that TDP-43 (and related RNA-binding proteins) normally adopt labile, physiological amyloid-like conformations within mRNPs. We suspect that labile, physiological amyloids of TDP-43 are at risk of conversion to stable amyloids that not only disrupt the utilization of the immediately associated transcript, but also alter the material properties of associated membrane-less organelles leading to impairment of cell biology more broadly. Where this hypothetical conversion might occur is also unclear, but we suspect that long residence time in the condensed liquid state of membrane-less organelles (e.g. RNA granules) increases this risk.

The induction of optogranules does not cause a broad, global impairment of translation based on puromycin incorporation, but it is possible that some transcripts that are enriched in stress granules may have selectively inhibited translation. Sorting that out will require more sophisticated approaches such as ribosome profiling or proteomics adapted to nascent translation (e.g. BONCAT). Yes, as a matter of fact, we do see puromycin incorporated into optogranules, but this doesn’t necessarily mean that translation is taking place in the granules. In fact, it’s probably more likely that complexes containing nascent translation products (e.g. defective ribosomal products or so-called “DRiPs”) are incorporated into stress granules.

There are a great many open questions about mechanisms of stress granule assembly, dynamics and function; the relationship of stress granules to translation; and the relationship of stress granules to disease. We hope that OptoGranules will serve as a useful tool for sorting out the answers to some of these questions.

Have your say

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Sign up to customise the site to your preferences and to receive alerts

Register here

Also in the biochemistry category:

Triglyceride metabolism controls inflammation and APOE4-associated disease states in microglia

Roxan A. Stephenson, Kory R. Johnson, Linling Cheng, et al.

Selected by 22 August 2024

Gustavo Stelzer, Marcus Oliveira

Biochemistry

Impaired 26S proteasome causes learning and memory deficiency and induces neuroinflammation mediated by NF-κB in mice

Christa C. Huber, Eduardo Callegari, Maria Paez, et al.

Selected by 22 August 2024

Gustavo Stelzer, Marcus Oliveira

Biochemistry

Notch3 is a genetic modifier of NODAL signalling for patterning asymmetry during mouse heart looping

Tobias Holm Bønnelykke, Marie-Amandine Chabry, Emeline Perthame, et al.

Selected by 06 June 2024

Bhaval Parmar

Developmental Biology

Also in the cell biology category:

Long range mutual activation establishes Rho and Rac polarity during cell migration

Henry De Belly, Andreu Fernandez Gallen, Evelyn Strickland, et al.

Selected by 22 October 2024

Vibha SINGH

Cell Biology

Intracellular diffusion in the cytoplasm increases with cell size in fission yeast

Catherine Tan, Michael C. Lanz, Matthew Swaffer, et al.

Selected by 18 October 2024

Leeba Ann Chacko, Sameer Thukral

Cell Biology

Deciphering the nanoscale architecture of presynaptic actin using a micropatterned presynapse-on-glass model

Sofia Tumminia, Louisa Mezache, Theresa Wiesner, et al.

Selected by 18 October 2024

Felipe Del Valle Batalla

Neuroscience

Also in the molecular biology category:

Non-disruptive inducible labeling of ER-membrane contact sites using the Lamin B Receptor

Laura Downie, Nuria Ferrandiz, Megan Jones, et al.

Selected by 15 October 2024

Jonathan Townson

Cell Biology

HIF1A contributes to the survival of aneuploid and mosaic pre-implantation embryos

Estefania Sanchez-Vasquez, Marianne E. Bronner, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz

Selected by 11 October 2024

Anchel De Jaime Soguero

Developmental Biology

The RNA binding protein HNRNPA2B1 regulates RNA abundance and motor protein activity in neurites

Joelle Lo, Katherine F. Vaeth, Gurprit Bhardwaj, et al.

Selected by 24 September 2024

Felipe Del Valle Batalla

Neuroscience

Also in the neuroscience category:

Deciphering the nanoscale architecture of presynaptic actin using a micropatterned presynapse-on-glass model

Sofia Tumminia, Louisa Mezache, Theresa Wiesner, et al.

Selected by 18 October 2024

Felipe Del Valle Batalla

Neuroscience

Pharyngeal neuronal mechanisms governing sour taste perception in Drosophila melanogaster

Bhanu Shrestha, Jiun Sang, Suman Rimal, et al.

Selected by 23 September 2024

Matthew Davies

Cell Biology

Triglyceride metabolism controls inflammation and APOE4-associated disease states in microglia

Roxan A. Stephenson, Kory R. Johnson, Linling Cheng, et al.

Selected by 22 August 2024

Gustavo Stelzer, Marcus Oliveira

Biochemistry

Also in the pathology category:

Integrin conformation-dependent neutrophil slowing obstructs the capillaries of the pre-metastatic lung in a model of breast cancer

Frédéric Fercoq, Gemma S. Cairns, Marco De Donatis, et al.

Selected by 07 October 2024

Simon Cleary

Cancer Biology

LINC complex alterations are a hallmark of sporadic and familial ALS/FTD

Riccardo Sirtori, Michelle Gregoire, Emily Potts, et al.

Selected by 03 June 2024

Megane Rayer et al.

Cell Biology

Hypoxia blunts angiogenic signaling and upregulates the antioxidant system in elephant seal endothelial cells

Kaitlin N Allen, Julia María Torres-Velarde, Juan Manuel Vazquez, et al.

Selected by 13 September 2023

Sarah Young-Veenstra

Physiology

preLists in the biochemistry category:

BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting

This preList features preprints that were discussed and presented during the BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting in Birmingham, UK in April 2024. Kindly put together by Sara Morais da Silva, Reviews Editor at Journal of Cell Science.

 



List by Reinier Prosee

Peer Review in Biomedical Sciences

Communication of scientific knowledge has changed dramatically in recent decades and the public perception of scientific discoveries depends on the peer review process of articles published in scientific journals. Preprints are key vehicles for the dissemination of scientific discoveries, but they are still not properly recognized by the scientific community since peer review is very limited. On the other hand, peer review is very heterogeneous and a fundamental aspect to improve it is to train young scientists on how to think critically and how to evaluate scientific knowledge in a professional way. Thus, this course aims to: i) train students on how to perform peer review of scientific manuscripts in a professional manner; ii) develop students' critical thinking; iii) contribute to the appreciation of preprints as important vehicles for the dissemination of scientific knowledge without restrictions; iv) contribute to the development of students' curricula, as their opinions will be published and indexed on the preLights platform. The evaluations will be based on qualitative analyses of the oral presentations of preprints in the field of biomedical sciences deposited in the bioRxiv server, of the critical reports written by the students, as well as of the participation of the students during the preprints discussions.

 



List by Marcus Oliveira et al.

CellBio 2022 – An ASCB/EMBO Meeting

This preLists features preprints that were discussed and presented during the CellBio 2022 meeting in Washington, DC in December 2022.

 



List by Nadja Hümpfer et al.

20th “Genetics Workshops in Hungary”, Szeged (25th, September)

In this annual conference, Hungarian geneticists, biochemists and biotechnologists presented their works. Link: http://group.szbk.u-szeged.hu/minikonf/archive/prg2021.pdf

 



List by Nándor Lipták

Fibroblasts

The advances in fibroblast biology preList explores the recent discoveries and preprints of the fibroblast world. Get ready to immerse yourself with this list created for fibroblasts aficionados and lovers, and beyond. Here, my goal is to include preprints of fibroblast biology, heterogeneity, fate, extracellular matrix, behavior, topography, single-cell atlases, spatial transcriptomics, and their matrix!

 



List by Osvaldo Contreras

ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019

A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)

 



List by Madhuja Samaddar et al.

EMBL Seeing is Believing – Imaging the Molecular Processes of Life

Preprints discussed at the 2019 edition of Seeing is Believing, at EMBL Heidelberg from the 9th-12th October 2019

 



List by Dey Lab

Cellular metabolism

A curated list of preprints related to cellular metabolism at Biorxiv by Pablo Ranea Robles from the Prelights community. Special interest on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes and mitochondria.

 



List by Pablo Ranea Robles

MitoList

This list of preprints is focused on work expanding our knowledge on mitochondria in any organism, tissue or cell type, from the normal biology to the pathology.

 



List by Sandra Franco Iborra

Also in the cell biology category:

BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting

This preList features preprints that were discussed and presented during the BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting in Birmingham, UK in April 2024. Kindly put together by Sara Morais da Silva, Reviews Editor at Journal of Cell Science.

 



List by Reinier Prosee

‘In preprints’ from Development 2022-2023

A list of the preprints featured in Development's 'In preprints' articles between 2022-2023

 



List by Alex Eve, Katherine Brown

preLights peer support – preprints of interest

This is a preprint repository to organise the preprints and preLights covered through the 'preLights peer support' initiative.

 



List by preLights peer support

The Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting

This preList is made up of the preprints discussed during the Society for Developmental Biology 82nd Annual Meeting that took place in Chicago in July 2023.

 



List by Joyce Yu, Katherine Brown

CSHL 87th Symposium: Stem Cells

Preprints mentioned by speakers at the #CSHLsymp23

 



List by Alex Eve

Journal of Cell Science meeting ‘Imaging Cell Dynamics’

This preList highlights the preprints discussed at the JCS meeting 'Imaging Cell Dynamics'. The meeting was held from 14 - 17 May 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal and was organised by Erika Holzbaur, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Rob Parton and Michael Way.

 



List by Helen Zenner

9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination

This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.

 



List by Martin Estermann

Alumni picks – preLights 5th Birthday

This preList contains preprints that were picked and highlighted by preLights Alumni - an initiative that was set up to mark preLights 5th birthday. More entries will follow throughout February and March 2023.

 



List by Sergio Menchero et al.

CellBio 2022 – An ASCB/EMBO Meeting

This preLists features preprints that were discussed and presented during the CellBio 2022 meeting in Washington, DC in December 2022.

 



List by Nadja Hümpfer et al.

Fibroblasts

The advances in fibroblast biology preList explores the recent discoveries and preprints of the fibroblast world. Get ready to immerse yourself with this list created for fibroblasts aficionados and lovers, and beyond. Here, my goal is to include preprints of fibroblast biology, heterogeneity, fate, extracellular matrix, behavior, topography, single-cell atlases, spatial transcriptomics, and their matrix!

 



List by Osvaldo Contreras

EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)

A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.

 



List by Alex Eve

FENS 2020

A collection of preprints presented during the virtual meeting of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) in 2020

 



List by Ana Dorrego-Rivas

Planar Cell Polarity – PCP

This preList contains preprints about the latest findings on Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in various model organisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels.

 



List by Ana Dorrego-Rivas

BioMalPar XVI: Biology and Pathology of the Malaria Parasite

[under construction] Preprints presented at the (fully virtual) EMBL BioMalPar XVI, 17-18 May 2020 #emblmalaria

 



List by Dey Lab, Samantha Seah

1

Cell Polarity

Recent research from the field of cell polarity is summarized in this list of preprints. It comprises of studies focusing on various forms of cell polarity ranging from epithelial polarity, planar cell polarity to front-to-rear polarity.

 



List by Yamini Ravichandran

TAGC 2020

Preprints recently presented at the virtual Allied Genetics Conference, April 22-26, 2020. #TAGC20

 



List by Maiko Kitaoka et al.

3D Gastruloids

A curated list of preprints related to Gastruloids (in vitro models of early development obtained by 3D aggregation of embryonic cells). Updated until July 2021.

 



List by Paul Gerald L. Sanchez and Stefano Vianello

ECFG15 – Fungal biology

Preprints presented at 15th European Conference on Fungal Genetics 17-20 February 2020 Rome

 



List by Hiral Shah

ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019

A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)

 



List by Madhuja Samaddar et al.

EMBL Seeing is Believing – Imaging the Molecular Processes of Life

Preprints discussed at the 2019 edition of Seeing is Believing, at EMBL Heidelberg from the 9th-12th October 2019

 



List by Dey Lab

Autophagy

Preprints on autophagy and lysosomal degradation and its role in neurodegeneration and disease. Includes molecular mechanisms, upstream signalling and regulation as well as studies on pharmaceutical interventions to upregulate the process.

 



List by Sandra Malmgren Hill

Lung Disease and Regeneration

This preprint list compiles highlights from the field of lung biology.

 



List by Rob Hynds

Cellular metabolism

A curated list of preprints related to cellular metabolism at Biorxiv by Pablo Ranea Robles from the Prelights community. Special interest on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes and mitochondria.

 



List by Pablo Ranea Robles

BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019

Preprints presented at the BSCB/BSDB Annual Meeting 2019

 



List by Dey Lab

Biophysical Society Annual Meeting 2019

Few of the preprints that were discussed in the recent BPS annual meeting at Baltimore, USA

 



List by Joseph Jose Thottacherry

ASCB/EMBO Annual Meeting 2018

This list relates to preprints that were discussed at the recent ASCB conference.

 



List by Dey Lab, Amanda Haage

Also in the molecular biology category:

2024 Hypothalamus GRC

This 2024 Hypothalamus GRC (Gordon Research Conference) preList offers an overview of cutting-edge research focused on the hypothalamus, a critical brain region involved in regulating homeostasis, behavior, and neuroendocrine functions. The studies included cover a range of topics, including neural circuits, molecular mechanisms, and the role of the hypothalamus in health and disease. This collection highlights some of the latest advances in understanding hypothalamic function, with potential implications for treating disorders such as obesity, stress, and metabolic diseases.

 



List by Nathalie Krauth

BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting

This preList features preprints that were discussed and presented during the BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting in Birmingham, UK in April 2024. Kindly put together by Sara Morais da Silva, Reviews Editor at Journal of Cell Science.

 



List by Reinier Prosee

‘In preprints’ from Development 2022-2023

A list of the preprints featured in Development's 'In preprints' articles between 2022-2023

 



List by Alex Eve, Katherine Brown

CSHL 87th Symposium: Stem Cells

Preprints mentioned by speakers at the #CSHLsymp23

 



List by Alex Eve

9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination

This preList contains preprints discussed during the 9th International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination. This conference was held in Kona, Hawaii from April 17th to 21st 2023.

 



List by Martin Estermann

Alumni picks – preLights 5th Birthday

This preList contains preprints that were picked and highlighted by preLights Alumni - an initiative that was set up to mark preLights 5th birthday. More entries will follow throughout February and March 2023.

 



List by Sergio Menchero et al.

CellBio 2022 – An ASCB/EMBO Meeting

This preLists features preprints that were discussed and presented during the CellBio 2022 meeting in Washington, DC in December 2022.

 



List by Nadja Hümpfer et al.

EMBL Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture (2021)

A list of preprints mentioned at the #EESmorphoG virtual meeting in 2021.

 



List by Alex Eve

FENS 2020

A collection of preprints presented during the virtual meeting of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) in 2020

 



List by Ana Dorrego-Rivas

ECFG15 – Fungal biology

Preprints presented at 15th European Conference on Fungal Genetics 17-20 February 2020 Rome

 



List by Hiral Shah

ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019

A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)

 



List by Madhuja Samaddar et al.

Lung Disease and Regeneration

This preprint list compiles highlights from the field of lung biology.

 



List by Rob Hynds

MitoList

This list of preprints is focused on work expanding our knowledge on mitochondria in any organism, tissue or cell type, from the normal biology to the pathology.

 



List by Sandra Franco Iborra

Also in the neuroscience category:

2024 Hypothalamus GRC

This 2024 Hypothalamus GRC (Gordon Research Conference) preList offers an overview of cutting-edge research focused on the hypothalamus, a critical brain region involved in regulating homeostasis, behavior, and neuroendocrine functions. The studies included cover a range of topics, including neural circuits, molecular mechanisms, and the role of the hypothalamus in health and disease. This collection highlights some of the latest advances in understanding hypothalamic function, with potential implications for treating disorders such as obesity, stress, and metabolic diseases.

 



List by Nathalie Krauth

‘In preprints’ from Development 2022-2023

A list of the preprints featured in Development's 'In preprints' articles between 2022-2023

 



List by Alex Eve, Katherine Brown

CSHL 87th Symposium: Stem Cells

Preprints mentioned by speakers at the #CSHLsymp23

 



List by Alex Eve

Journal of Cell Science meeting ‘Imaging Cell Dynamics’

This preList highlights the preprints discussed at the JCS meeting 'Imaging Cell Dynamics'. The meeting was held from 14 - 17 May 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal and was organised by Erika Holzbaur, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Rob Parton and Michael Way.

 



List by Helen Zenner

FENS 2020

A collection of preprints presented during the virtual meeting of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) in 2020

 



List by Ana Dorrego-Rivas

ASCB EMBO Annual Meeting 2019

A collection of preprints presented at the 2019 ASCB EMBO Meeting in Washington, DC (December 7-11)

 



List by Madhuja Samaddar et al.

SDB 78th Annual Meeting 2019

A curation of the preprints presented at the SDB meeting in Boston, July 26-30 2019. The preList will be updated throughout the duration of the meeting.

 



List by Alex Eve

Autophagy

Preprints on autophagy and lysosomal degradation and its role in neurodegeneration and disease. Includes molecular mechanisms, upstream signalling and regulation as well as studies on pharmaceutical interventions to upregulate the process.

 



List by Sandra Malmgren Hill

Young Embryologist Network Conference 2019

Preprints presented at the Young Embryologist Network 2019 conference, 13 May, The Francis Crick Institute, London

 



List by Alex Eve
Close